Граматична тема
The Verb van / vannak: To Be and To Be Located
Hungarian makes an important distinction between saying what/who someone is and saying where someone or something is located.
1. Identity or description
In the 1st and 2nd person, Hungarian uses a form of “to be.” In the 3rd person, the verb disappears.
| Person | Statement | English | Negative with nem |
|---|---|---|---|
| Én | orvos vagyok | I am a doctor | nem vagyok orvos |
| Te | orvos vagy | you are a doctor | nem vagy orvos |
| Ő / Ön | orvos (no verb) | he/she/you formal is a doctor | nem orvos |
| Mi | orvosok vagyunk | we are doctors | nem vagyunk orvosok |
| Ti | orvosok vagytok | you are doctors | nem vagytok orvosok |
| Ők / Önök | orvosok (no verb) | they/you formal are doctors | nem orvosok |
- Én mérnök vagyok. - I am an engineer.
- Ő nem orvos, hanem üzletember. - He is not a doctor but a businessperson.
2. Location: van / vannak
When you say where something is, Hungarian keeps the verb “to be” in every person. In 3rd-person negatives, Hungarian uses special forms: nincs (is not / there is no) and nincsenek (are not / there are no).
| Person | Statement | English | Negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Én | itt vagyok | I am here | nem vagyok itt |
| Te | ott vagy | you are there | nem vagy ott |
| Ő | fent van | he/she is upstairs | lent nincs |
| Mi | lent vagyunk | we are downstairs | nem vagyunk lent |
| Ti | kint vagytok | you are outside | nem vagytok kint |
| Ők | bent vannak | they are inside | kint nincsenek |
- Hol vannak a turisták? A turisták kint vannak. - Where are the tourists? The tourists are outside.
- Itt nincs lift. - There is no elevator here.
- Fent nincsenek könyvek. - There are no books upstairs.
Contrast: “not…, but…“
Use nem ..., hanem ... for contrast.
- Ez nem toll, hanem ceruza. - This is not a pen but a pencil.
- Az orvos nem orosz, hanem magyar. - The doctor is not Russian but Hungarian.